Ontogeny and Phylogeny
Despite the fact that the "law of biogenesis" (ontogeny
recapitulates phylogeny) was discredited early in this century, one
still reads or hears references to its putative truth, and thus
articles such as the following are still necessary. Take a look at
"Human embryology and the law of biogenesis," by Gunter Rager
(Institute of Anatomy, Fribourg, Switzerland), in Rivista di
Biologia-Biology Forum 79 (4), 1986, pp. 449-459. Rager writes:
The law of biogenesis was introduced using faked material. Apart
from that it suffers from a number of inconsistencies. There are
many data which do not fit. The explanatory power of this law is
poor because it is not able to make predictions for ontogenetic
mechanisms and processes. Haeckel's assertion that the law of
biogenesis is the only possible explanation for similarities in
the development of different species can no longer be held
upright because an alternative view is possible...With the
improvement of our scientific tools we can state that ontogeny is
much better known than phylogeny, conditions and causes for
differentiation and maturation can be found in ontogeny only, and
phylogeny is based on ontogeny. Finally we have seen that despite
of many similarities with other species human development is
always specifically human. (p. 459)